2026-07-23 07:34
Post-Close Brief — 2026-07-16

type: earnings-brief date: 2026-07-16 session: PM status: complete tags: [earnings, sellside, pm] daily_note: "[[Daily/2026-07-16]]"


EarningsBrief PM — July 16, 2026

← [[Daily/2026-07-16|Back to the July 16 daily note]]

(source: EarningsBrief PM, 2026-07-16) #sellside

CIO verdict

The tape separated duration from quality. TSMC's call strengthened the duration case for AI compute but also made the capital-intensity and gross-margin bill more explicit; the morning ADD survives only as a measured add. UnitedHealth's apparent beat was reserve-assisted and faded from the premarket reaction, validating WAIT. GE Aerospace, Abbott and Prologis improved their operating outlooks, but their closes already discounted much of that progress. The clean bank setups remain U.S. Bancorp and Citizens, while Wipro remains the clearest avoid.

After the close, Netflix was the only large-cap result with a completed call. EPS was slightly ahead, but revenue and the third-quarter growth bar were soft enough to break the premium-duration narrative; the initial after-hours decline of roughly 8.6% was rational. Alcoa produced record segment EBITDA and cash flow but missed the EPS/revenue bar and lowered alumina volume expectations. The smaller financials were mostly adequate rather than thesis-changing: F.N.B. held margin, Cohen & Steers returned to organic growth, and WaFd beat revenue despite a one-cent EPS miss. Vista is quarantined because the deterministic collector attached stale Q1 data to the Q2 event and the actual Q2 release was not retrievable by the 22:40 EDT cutoff.

Coverage and evidence controls

  • BMO catch-up: TSM, UNH, GE, ABT, PLD, USB, STT, CFG, WIT and CBSH. Full public call transcripts were obtained for nine; CBSH remains release-only.
  • Confirmed AMC releases above $2B: NFLX, AA, FNB, INDB, CNS, SFNC, FFIN and WAFD. VIST was scheduled but its Q2 figures were not verifiable at cutoff.
  • Collector correction: the native PM collector returned seven candidates and retained stale/inconsistent yfinance statement rows for several companies. Company releases, SEC filings and full transcripts control whenever they conflict. FFIN and WAFD were added from confirmed public releases; BANF was excluded because no current-quarter release was confirmed.
  • Call status: NFLX completed its call. All other AMC names remain PROVISIONAL — RELEASE ONLY / CALL PENDING for the July 17 morning catch-up.
  • Estimate revisions: no authenticated broker-consensus revision feed was used. FY1/FY2 bridges below are directional, based on disclosed guidance and operating drivers, and are not presented as a consensus tape.

BMO full-session catch-up

TSM — Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing

Morning call: PARTIALLY CONFIRMED | Action: ADD modestly | Conviction: Medium. Q2 revenue was $40.2 billion, ADR EPS about $4.31 versus $3.87 consensus, gross margin 67.7% and operating margin 60.3%. Q3 revenue guidance of $44.6–45.8 billion and full-year USD revenue growth slightly above 40% confirm the demand-duration thesis. The call added an important counterweight: management expects the next three years' investment to be materially higher, reiterated 2026 capex of $60–64 billion, and said N2 ramp and overseas fabs impose several points of gross-margin dilution. Management also acknowledged that aggregating aggressive customer plans requires judgment and said it checks data-center construction and power availability to guard against inventory risk.

  • Release-to-call delta: stronger confidence in AI/HPC duration; worse capital-intensity and margin risk than the headline beat implied.
  • FY1/FY2 bridge: FY1 revenue/EPS bias up on Q3 and >40% growth; FY2 revenue remains up, but depreciation and overseas/N2 dilution cap EPS conversion.
  • Narrative: from “AI demand is strong” to “AI demand is durable, but shareholders must fund a larger capacity step-up before the margin payback.”
  • Thresholds: add only while Q3 revenue tracks at least $44.6 billion and gross margin stays at least 65%; falsify on advanced-node utilization slippage, a Q4 guide below seasonal expectations, or capex rising again without commensurate contracted demand.

Source: TSMC earnings conference, full call transcript.

UNH — UnitedHealth Group

Morning call: CONFIRMED | Action: WAIT | Conviction: Medium-high. Adjusted EPS of $6.38 versus $4.92 and $112 billion of revenue looked exceptional, but $860 million of favorable prior-period medical development explains roughly half the surprise and makes this a low-quality beat under the TIF one-time-contribution rule. The call confirmed the reserve benefit, medical-care ratio of 86.7%, a two-and-a-half-day rise in days claims payable and timing help in operating cash flow. The stock closed only 1.2% higher after a much stronger premarket response.

  • Release-to-call delta: negative; reserve quality and working-capital timing reduced confidence in the headline beat.
  • FY1/FY2 bridge: FY1 adjusted EPS remains anchored to $19.50–20.00; FY2 needs underlying medical-cost normalization rather than reserve releases.
  • Narrative: from “earnings recovery” to “reported recovery, but normalized medical cost remains unproven.”
  • Thresholds: reconsider above $430 only after two quarters with MCR at or below 87% excluding development; falsify the recovery if MCR reaccelerates above 88.5% or cash conversion remains timing-dependent.

Source: company release, full call transcript.

GE — GE Aerospace

Morning call: CONFIRMED | Action: HOLD | Conviction: Medium. Adjusted EPS of $2.02 beat $1.86, revenue rose 24% and free cash flow reached $3.0 billion, but operating margin fell 130 basis points to 21.7%. Management said demand is not the problem and cited a $170 billion services backlog. Q&A identified three multi-year margin drags: rapid installed-engine growth, LEAP services below fleet-average margins until roughly 2028, and GE9X losses peaking around 2028. Spare-parts delinquencies also rose sequentially, while some working-capital benefit should normalize.

  • Release-to-call delta: neutral-to-negative; demand durability was confirmed, but the margin path is longer and supply execution remains binding.
  • FY1/FY2 bridge: FY1 EPS/FCF bias up within raised $7.65–7.85 and $8.9–9.2 billion ranges; FY2 margin upside is capped by mix and program losses.
  • Narrative: from “scarce aerospace compounder” to “excellent backlog with a long, execution-heavy conversion.”
  • Thresholds: hold while services growth stays double digit and FCF converts above 100% of net income; do not add unless valuation compresses or margin inflects, and falsify on another rise in spare delinquencies with organic revenue below plan.

Source: company webcast, full call transcript.

ABT — Abbott Laboratories

Morning call: CONFIRMED | Action: HOLD | Conviction: Medium. Adjusted EPS was $1.31 versus $1.28, sales were $12.6 billion, organic sales grew about 4.8% and Medical Devices grew 8.5% organically. Adjusted gross margin expanded about 100 basis points, and management raised full-year adjusted EPS to $5.45–5.60 while guiding Q3 to $1.38–1.46. The call added concrete launch support from Volt and TactiFlex, but the $0.53 GAAP EPS versus $1.31 adjusted EPS gap remains material. The stock's 10.7% close already capitalized much of the guidance improvement.

  • Release-to-call delta: positive on launch breadth, neutral on earnings quality.
  • FY1/FY2 bridge: FY1 up modestly on margin and guidance; FY2 needs sustained high-single-digit device growth and fewer adjustments.
  • Narrative: from “steady medtech” to “launch-supported medtech acceleration, now more fully valued.”
  • Thresholds: add only on a pullback or if Devices remains above 8% organic with adjusted gross margin at least 58%; falsify on Devices below 6% or a persistent adjusted-to-GAAP EPS gap above 40%.

Source: company release, call summary, full transcript.

PLD — Prologis

Morning call: CONFIRMED | Action: HOLD | Conviction: Medium. Core FFO of $1.63 beat $1.53, occupancy was 95.5%, cash same-store NOI grew 8.5%, and net effective rent change was 36.9%. Management raised full-year core FFO to $6.22–6.30. Q&A supported genuine customer expansion rather than only pent-up demand and detailed a flexible data-center model spanning powered shells, turnkey capacity and financing. It also exposed higher capital intensity and left SEGRO-related questions unanswered for regulatory reasons.

  • Release-to-call delta: positive demand signal, offset by capital allocation and M&A uncertainty.
  • FY1/FY2 bridge: FY1 FFO up to the new range; FY2 depends on embedded mark-to-market converting without acquisitions diluting returns.
  • Narrative: from “rent-reset recovery” to “recovery plus optionality, with more balance-sheet complexity.”
  • Thresholds: hold while occupancy stays above 95% and cash same-store NOI exceeds 7%; add below a more favorable implied cap rate, falsify if occupancy drops below 94.5% or data-center commitments outrun preleasing.

Source: company release, full call transcript.

USB — U.S. Bancorp

Morning call: CONFIRMED | Action: ADD | Conviction: Medium. EPS of $1.35 beat roughly $1.27–1.29, revenue was $7.71 billion, NII was $4.4 billion, NIM 2.79% and fees 44% of revenue. Positive operating leverage was about 400 basis points; CET1 was 10.8%. The call supported a Q3 NII growth range of 4–6% year over year including BTIG and showed adequate reserves, though net charge-offs at 0.53% still warrant monitoring.

  • Release-to-call delta: positive; diversified fees and BTIG improve the forward revenue mix without compromising capital.
  • FY1/FY2 bridge: FY1 NII/fee estimates move up; FY2 depends on deposit beta and credit staying controlled as integration costs roll off.
  • Narrative: from “defensive super-regional” to “defensive bank with credible fee-led upside.”
  • Thresholds: add while CET1 remains at least 10.5%, NIM at least 2.75% and NCO no worse than 0.60%; falsify if deposit costs reaccelerate or criticized assets lead charge-offs above 0.70%.

Source: full call transcript.

STT — State Street

Morning call: CONFIRMED | Action: HOLD | Conviction: Medium. Adjusted EPS was $3.65 versus about $3.32–3.34, revenue $4.05 billion versus $3.86 billion, fees rose 16%, NII rose 17% and pretax margin reached 34%. Management raised fee growth to 12–13% and NII growth to 14–15%, but also raised expense growth to roughly 8% from 5–6%. Q&A highlighted AI-enabled developer productivity and integrated pricing rather than an immediate cost reset.

  • Release-to-call delta: mixed; revenue estimates rise, but higher expense investment absorbs part of the operating leverage.
  • FY1/FY2 bridge: FY1 EPS up modestly; FY2 upside requires expense growth to fall below fee growth and inflows to persist.
  • Narrative: from “NII-assisted custodian” to “broad revenue acceleration funding another investment cycle.”
  • Thresholds: hold while servicing fees and NII both grow double digit; add only with expense growth below 6%, falsify if expense growth remains near 8% as fee growth normalizes.

Source: full call transcript.

CFG — Citizens Financial Group

Morning call: CONFIRMED | Action: ADD at $70 or below; do not chase | Conviction: Medium-high. EPS of $1.30 beat about $1.24–1.25. NII grew 4.4% sequentially, fees 8%, capital-markets fees 46%, and net charge-offs were 37 basis points with CET1 at 10.4%. Management guided Q3 NII up 2.5–3.5% sequentially, fees up about 1% and expenses stable, while retaining a 16–18% ROTCE ambition by year-end 2027.

  • Release-to-call delta: positive; multiple earnings levers improved together and credit did not fund the beat.
  • FY1/FY2 bridge: FY1 NII/fee estimates rise; FY2 remains sensitive to deposit costs and delivery of the ROTCE bridge.
  • Narrative: from “rate-sensitive regional” to “self-help and fee-mix compounder with intact credit.”
  • Thresholds: buy at or below $70 while CET1 is at least 10% and NCO below 45 basis points; falsify if Q3 NII grows below 2% sequentially or NCO exceeds 55 basis points.

Source: company release, full call transcript.

WIT — Wipro

Morning call: CONFIRMED | Action: AVOID | Conviction: High. IT-services revenue was $2.61 billion, up only 0.9% year over year in constant currency and down 1.2% sequentially; operating margin fell 120 basis points to 16%. Next-quarter constant-currency guidance of -1.5% to +0.5% offers no inflection. Management said margin recovery toward 17–17.5% will take a few quarters, cited wage and large-deal ramp costs, and declined to quantify AI revenue.

  • Release-to-call delta: negative; the recovery duration lengthened without a measurable AI offset.
  • FY1/FY2 bridge: FY1 revenue/margin estimates down; FY2 needs utilization and pricing to improve before wage costs normalize.
  • Narrative: from “deal-led recovery” to “bookings without near-term revenue or margin conversion.”
  • Thresholds: avoid until two consecutive quarters of positive sequential constant-currency growth and margin above 17%; falsify any recovery thesis if bookings remain strong but revenue stays flat through Q3.

Source: full call transcript.

CBSH — Commerce Bancshares

Morning call: PARTIALLY CONFIRMED | Action: HOLD | Conviction: Low. EPS of $1.10 beat roughly $1.05, but revenue of $487.3 million missed the collector estimate near $491 million. NIM was 3.77%. A $105.4 million Visa gain was largely offset by a $97.7 million securities loss, so neither should be capitalized. No complete public call transcript or Q&A was available.

  • Release-to-call delta: unavailable; release-only evidence leaves deposit beta, loan demand and credit commentary untested.
  • FY1/FY2 bridge: no reliable revision; core NII and fee trends matter more than the offsetting securities items.
  • Narrative: unchanged: high-quality franchise, limited catalyst evidence.
  • Thresholds: hold while NIM remains at least 3.70% and asset quality is stable; add only after organic loan/deposit acceleration, falsify below 3.60% NIM or on material credit migration.

Source: company filing exhibit.

AMC releases

NFLX — Netflix

Expectation stack: Street EPS about $0.79 and revenue about $12.58 billion; buy-side needed an intact low-teens growth duration and a Q3 guide that did not decelerate. Result: EPS $0.80, revenue about $12.56 billion, roughly 13% reported growth; Q3 growth was guided near 12%, below the market's forward bar. FY reported growth remains 13–14%, but about 12% FX-neutral. The call cited strong retention through price changes, nearly $3 billion of expected annual ad revenue and a record $4.7 billion quarterly repurchase, yet none offset the softer growth trajectory. Shares fell about 8.6% after hours.

  • Variance: slight EPS beat, slight revenue miss, negative forward-bar miss.
  • Release-to-call delta: neutral; ads, live programming and GenAI support optionality, but the call did not repair the Q3 duration gap.
  • FY1/FY2 bridge: FY1 revenue bias slightly down and buybacks support EPS; FY2 needs advertising and engagement to offset maturing subscription growth.
  • Thesis matrix: business yellow; estimates red; stock red. Narrative shifts from “durable premium compounder” to “cash-rich platform whose growth duration must be re-earned.”
  • Action: WAIT | Conviction: Medium. Re-enter only if Q3 revenue is at least $13.0 billion with operating margin at least 33.5%, or after valuation falls below roughly 22x the disclosed $12.5 billion FY FCF objective. Falsify the premium-duration thesis on Q3 revenue below $12.86 billion or FY FCF below $12 billion.

Source: reported result, full call transcript.

AA — Alcoa

Expectation stack: adjusted EPS about $2.33 and revenue about $4.0 billion; the real buy-side variables were metal-price realization, alumina volume and free cash flow. Result: adjusted EPS $2.12 and revenue $3.97 billion missed, while adjusted EBITDA rose 51% sequentially to $901 million and free cash flow reached $422 million. Aluminum segment EBITDA was a record, but alumina production fell 6% on Pinjarra, cyclone and gas disruptions; full-year alumina volume expectations were reduced. Special items totaled $155 million, including Ma'aden mark-to-market and energy items. Shares fell roughly 3.2% after hours.

  • Variance: EPS/revenue miss; cash/EBITDA quality better than the headline.
  • FY1/FY2 bridge: FY1 alumina volume down but cash flow supported by pricing; FY2 can improve through Pinjarra normalization and transaction synergies, not from spot prices alone.
  • Thesis matrix: business yellow-green; estimates yellow; stock yellow. Narrative shifts from “pure commodity torque” to “better cash execution with unresolved upstream reliability.”
  • Action: HOLD | Conviction: Medium. Confirm on quarterly FCF above $400 million and stable alumina production; falsify on another volume cut or EBITDA below $700 million at comparable metal prices. Call pending July 17.

Source: company release.

FNB — F.N.B. Corporation

Expectation stack: EPS $0.42 and revenue roughly $467–483 million depending on provider; NIM and credit mattered more than a penny. Result: EPS $0.42, reported revenue $462.7 million, NII $365.7 million and NIM 3.25%, stable sequentially. Average loans grew at a 6.9% annualized pace, deposits at 3.1%, and the loan/deposit ratio was 92.5%. The company repurchased $47 million of stock.

  • Variance: EPS in line; revenue modestly below the cleaner public expectation; stable core margin.
  • FY1/FY2 bridge: FY1 flat-to-slightly up if loan growth offsets funding costs; FY2 needs a lower loan/deposit ratio and stable credit.
  • Thesis matrix: business yellow-green; estimates yellow; stock yellow.
  • Action: HOLD | Conviction: Low-medium. Confirm if NIM stays at least 3.25% with nonperformers stable; falsify below 3.15% NIM or on a material rise in criticized loans. Call pending July 17 at 08:30 ET.

Source: company release.

INDB — Independent Bank Corp.

Expectation stack: EPS about $1.77 and revenue roughly $258–259 million. Result: EPS $1.70 and revenue $253.3 million missed; net income was $81.8 million. Reported NIM was 3.85%, while adjusted NIM improved four basis points to 3.76%. Deposits grew 1.5% sequentially, loans fell 0.2%, C&I grew at a 6.8% annualized rate and CRE/construction declined. The company repurchased $75 million.

  • Variance: EPS and revenue miss, partly offset by improving mix and adjusted margin.
  • FY1/FY2 bridge: FY1 modestly down on the revenue miss; FY2 improves only if C&I replaces runoff without sacrificing credit.
  • Thesis matrix: business yellow; estimates red-yellow; stock yellow.
  • Action: WAIT | Conviction: Low-medium. Confirm with adjusted NIM at least 3.76% and positive total loan growth; falsify if loans contract more than 1% or adjusted NIM falls below 3.65%. Call pending July 17 at 10:00 ET.

Source: company result.

CNS — Cohen & Steers

Expectation stack: no reliable current EPS consensus was publicly retrievable; the collector's revenue bar was about $151 million. Flows and AUM were the true forward variables. Result: diluted EPS $0.95 and adjusted EPS $0.85; quarter-end AUM reached $100.1 billion and net inflows were $1.3 billion, the strongest quarter since Q4 2021 and the fourth consecutive organic-growth quarter. Active ETF AUM exceeded $1 billion.

  • Variance: revenue was approximately in line with the collector; flow quality was clearly positive.
  • FY1/FY2 bridge: FY1 fee revenue rises with market levels and inflows; FY2 operating leverage depends on retaining flows through a less favorable real-asset tape.
  • Thesis matrix: business green; estimates green-yellow; stock yellow after a 2.8% pre-print close.
  • Action: HOLD / ADD on weakness | Conviction: Medium. Confirm if quarterly net flows remain positive and AUM stays above $100 billion; falsify on two consecutive quarters of net outflows. Call pending July 17 at 10:00 ET.

Source: company filing, company-distributed release.

SFNC — Simmons First National

Expectation stack: adjusted EPS about $0.52–0.53 and revenue about $251 million. Result: adjusted EPS $0.50 and revenue $248.6 million missed; GAAP EPS was $0.46. NIM held at 3.84%, deposit cost fell three basis points and adjusted efficiency improved to 54.26%. Net charge-offs were 20 basis points, loans rose $129 million sequentially, but deposits fell $475 million. CET1 was 11.60%.

  • Variance: modest EPS/revenue miss; margin and credit stable, funding mix weaker.
  • FY1/FY2 bridge: FY1 slightly down; FY2 requires deposit stabilization to convert loan growth into NII.
  • Thesis matrix: business yellow; estimates red-yellow; stock yellow.
  • Action: WAIT | Conviction: Low. Confirm if deposits stabilize and NIM remains at least 3.84%; falsify on another deposit decline above 2% or net charge-offs above 35 basis points. Call pending July 17 at 09:30 ET.

Source: company release.

FFIN — First Financial Bankshares

Expectation stack: EPS about $0.50; margin, deposit funding and credit progression were the key variables. Result: EPS $0.50, net income $71.9 million, NII $136.9 million and NIM 3.90%, up four basis points sequentially. Fees rose to $35.8 million, but provision increased to $4.2 million, NPAs rose to 0.80% from 0.66%, and year-to-date deposits/repo balances fell about $235 million.

  • Variance: EPS in line; margin/fees positive, credit/funding trend negative.
  • FY1/FY2 bridge: FY1 broadly unchanged; FY2 upside from NIM is conditional on funding stability and no further NPA migration.
  • Thesis matrix: business yellow; estimates yellow; stock yellow.
  • Action: HOLD | Conviction: Medium. Confirm if NIM stays at least 3.90% and NPAs remain below 0.85%; falsify above 1.0% NPAs or provision above $6 million without faster loan growth. Call evidence unavailable at cutoff.

Source: company release.

WAFD — WaFd

Expectation stack: adjusted EPS $0.82 and revenue $198.9–199.6 million. Result: adjusted EPS $0.81 missed by one cent, while revenue $205.5 million beat by 3.3% and grew 10.3% year over year. NII was $181.3 million versus $178.5 million expected, NIM 2.80% in line and efficiency 53.7% better than the 55.8% estimate. Nonperforming assets of $135.8 million were above the $128.7 million expectation; net charge-offs were zero.

  • Variance: small EPS miss, good revenue/efficiency, softer nonperformer trend.
  • FY1/FY2 bridge: FY1 revenue up but credit provisioning limits EPS; FY2 depends on NIM expansion and nonaccrual resolution.
  • Thesis matrix: business yellow-green; estimates yellow; stock yellow.
  • Action: HOLD | Conviction: Low-medium. Confirm if NIM rises above 2.85% and NPAs decline; falsify if NPAs rise above $150 million or NIM falls below 2.70%. Full call evidence unavailable at cutoff.

Source: reported result and consensus.

VIST — Vista Energy

Status: BLOCKED / QUARANTINED | Action: NO ACTION | Conviction: None. The company scheduled Q2 results for July 16 after the close and a July 17 09:00 ET webcast. The collector labelled a row as Q2 actuals, but its $865 million revenue and underlying statement fields match the prior quarter and are internally incompatible with the Q2 expectation set; they are stale and are not used. No verifiable Q2 release, filing or transcript was retrievable by 22:40 EDT.

  • Thesis matrix: business, estimates and stock unscored.
  • Next gate: ingest the official Q2 financial statements and July 17 call before any estimate or action change. Confirm only with disclosed production, realized pricing, lifting cost, capex and free cash flow; do not infer them from the stale row.

Source: SEC-filed release schedule, company investor page.

July 17 BMO watchlist

Ticker Street EPS marker Required question
TRV $5.16 Does reserve development or catastrophe normalization drive the beat?
TFC $1.08 Can NII rise without a renewed deposit-cost or credit penalty?
FITB $0.98 Is positive operating leverage broad-based and credit-clean?
RF $0.64 Does fee growth offset funding pressure while CET1 holds?
ALV $2.34 Do volumes, pricing and launch costs support the FY margin bridge?

Also complete the pending AMC calls for AA, FNB, INDB, CNS, SFNC and VIST; seek call evidence for FFIN and WAFD.

Analytical Ledger and exact blocked inputs

No matching catalyst entries existed in /Users/max/Documents/TIF/Meta/AnalyticalLedger.md for any covered ticker; the ledger was therefore not modified.

  1. VIST Q2 actuals: official Q2 financial statements were not retrievable by the 22:40 EDT cutoff; the collector's purported Q2 row was stale Q1 data and was quarantined.
  2. AMC calls: AA, FNB, INDB, CNS and SFNC calls occur July 17; no Q&A existed at cutoff. VIST's webcast is July 17. No complete public call evidence was found for FFIN or WAFD.
  3. CBSH call: no complete searchable transcript or Q&A was available, so the morning verdict remains low-conviction and release-only.
  4. BANF result: the calendar suggested a possible July 16 event, but no current-quarter company release or filing was confirmed by cutoff; it was excluded rather than fabricated.
  5. Consensus revisions: no authenticated real-time FY1/FY2 broker-revision tape was available under the public-only constraint. Directional bridges are analytical inferences, not consensus changes.
  6. Positioning: no reliable public source supplied current buy-side whisper numbers, crowding, dealer positioning or complete short-interest context for the covered universe.
  7. After-hours prices: reliable timestamp-matched post-print prices were available for NFLX and AA only. Other closing moves cited are pre-print regular-session moves and are not treated as result reactions.
  8. Collector conflicts: yfinance statement rows conflicted with company-reported revenue or period mapping for NFLX, AA, VIST and several banks; those fields were superseded by company releases/filings and are not used as truth.

No API key, private data service or direct model client was read or used. All conclusions use the active Codex task, deterministic local collection and public unauthenticated evidence.